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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク History of nursing ： ウィキペディア英語版 History of nursing Before the foundation of modern nursing, nuns and the military often provided nursing-like services.〔(Florence Nightingale (1820–1910) )〕 ==Ancient history == The first known nurse, Phoebe, was mentioned in Romans 16:1. During the early years of the Christian Church, St. Paul sent a deaconess Phoebe to Rome as the first visiting nurse. She men. The declaration of Christianity as accepted religion in the Roman Empire drove an expansion of the provision of care. Following the First Council of Nicaea in 325 AD, construction of a hospital in every cathedral town was begun. Among the earliest were those built by the physician Saint Sampson in Constantinople and by Basil, bishop of Caesarea in modern-day Turkey. Called the "Basilias", the latter resembled a city and included housing for doctors and nurses and separate buildings for various classes of patients.〔''Catholic Encyclopedia'' - ''()'' (2009)〕 There was a separate section for lepers.〔Roderick E. McGrew, ''Encyclopedia of Medical History'' (1985), p. 135.〕 Some hospitals maintained libraries and training programs, and doctors compiled their medical and pharmacological studies in manuscripts. Thus in-patient medical care in the sense of what we today consider a hospital, was an invention driven by Christian mercy and Byzantine innovation.〔James Edward McClellan and Harold Dorn, ''Science and Technology in World History: An Introduction'' (The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006), p.99,101.〕 Byzantine hospital staff included the Chief Physician (archiatroi), professional nurses (hypourgoi) and orderlies (hyperetai). By the twelfth century, Constantinople had two well-organized hospitals, staffed by doctors who were both male and female. Facilities included systematic treatment procedures and specialized wards for various diseases.〔Byzantine medicine〕 From its earliest days, and following the edicts of Jesus, Christianity had encouraged its devotees to tend the sick. Priests were often also physicians. According to the historian Geoffrey Blainey, while pagan religions seldom offered help to the infirm, the early Christians were willing to nurse the sick and take food to them - notably during the smallpox epidemic of AD 165-180 and the measles outbreak of around AD 250 and that "In nursing the sick and dying, regardless of religion, the Christians won friends and sympathisers".〔Geoffrey Blainey; A Short History of Christianity; Penguin Viking; 2011.〕 Christian emphasis on practical charity gave rise to the development of systematic nursing and hospitals after the end of the persecution of the early church.〔(Catholic Encyclopedia: Hospitals ). Newadvent.org (1910-06-01). Retrieved on 2013-07-28.〕 Ancient church leaders like St. Benedict of Nursia (480) emphasised medicine as an aid to the provision of hospitality.〔(CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: History of Medicine ). Newadvent.org (1911-10-01). Retrieved on 2013-07-28.〕 Ancient Catholic orders like the Dominicans and Carmelites have long lived in religious communities that work for the care of the sick.〔()〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of nursing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.